Everything about Juan Jos Flores totally explained
Juan José Flores y Aramburu (
July 19,
1800–
October 1,
1864), called "The founder of the Republic", was a military general who became the first
president of
Ecuador in
1830, and later served two more terms, from
1839 to
1843 and from
1843 to
1845.
He was born in
Puerto Cabello,
Venezuela, and joined the army at the age of 15. He became a general in
1829 after his victory over invading
Peruvian forces at
Tarqui. He was implicated in the assassination of
Antonio José de Sucre on
June 4,
1830, but his involvement is only suspected. On
May 13,
1830, the day of Ecuador's breaking away from
Gran Colombia, he was named supreme chief of the new country, and then on
August 14,
1830, he was named provisional president. His official term, however, didn't start until
September 22,
1830, 11 days after he was elected constitutional president by the assembly in
Riobamba. That term lasted until
September 10,
1834, and was marked with much turmoil. Flores faced a rebellion led by
Luis Urdaneta, a loyalist of
Simón Bolívar, who wanted to prevent Ecuador from leaving Gran Colombia. Flores also faced a threat from a member of the Ecuadorian congress,
Vicente Rocafuerte, who attempted to overthrow him. Eventually, the two made an agreement – Rocafuerte would become president after Flores, and Flores would become leader of the military. Also during his term, he fought an invading Colombian army in
1832 and again starting in
1834, finally defeating them on
January 18,
1835 in
Miñarica, near
Ambato.
Flores' second term began on
February 1,
1839, and ended
January 15,
1843. The beginning of his term was marked by peace and social development—he kept his word to rule justly and to defend freedom. However, in the last year of his term, he intervened militarily in the politics of
Nueva Granada at the request of the Colombian government, fighting his old enemy,
José María Obando. When later forced to intervene again, he was attacked by the Colombian army and his popularity at home fell. Then, after irregularities in the elections of
1842, he pushed to have the
1835 constitution annulled, and the new constitution, nicknamed the "
Carta de la esclavitud" ("letter of slavery") allowed him to continue in power for a third term, which began
April 1,
1843. During this term, Flores fought to remain in power, but was ultimately overthrown on
March 6,
1845 by a rebellion led by Rocafuerte and
Vicente Ramón Roca, the man who became the next president of Ecuador.
Flores married Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco y Chiriboga in
1824, and one of their 12 children,
Antonio, became president of Ecuador in
1888. Juan José Flores died of
uremia in
1864 while in house arrest under the dictatorship of
Diego Noboa.
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